Nostalgia
It is an eight-item, nine-point Likert-type scale measuring the degree of preference one has towards objects that were more common in the past.
View ArticleAttitude Toward the Ad (General Nostalgia)
The ten-item, seven point Likert-type scale is intended to measure the degree to which a person experiences positive affect toward an advertisement because it evokes some memory of the person's
View ArticleSecond-Hand Shopping Motivation (Nostalgia)
Four, five-point items are used to measure the degree to which a consumer likes to shop at second-hand outlets because they tend to carry older items with a special meaning to the shopper that
View ArticleAttitude Toward the Ad (Focused Nostalgia)
The degree to which a person feels pleasure watching an ad because it evokes the memory of a specific time in that person’s past is measured in this scale with six, seven point Likert-type it
View ArticleAttitude Toward the Ad (Pre-Birth Era Nostalgia)
Six, seven point Likert-type items measure the degree to which a person feels pleasure watching an ad because it evokes the memory of a time prior to when he/she was born.
View ArticlePlace Nostalgia
The extent to which a person has a positive sentimental attachment to a particular place due to some event(s) that occurred there is measured using four, seven-point Likert-type items.
View ArticleAttitude Toward the Ad (Joyful Nostalgia)
Five, seven-point items measure the degree to which an advertisement caused a person to think of happy events in his/her own life.
View ArticleReminiscing Enjoyment
The scale is composed of eight, nine-point Likert-type items that measure the pleasure one derives from recalling happy memories.
View ArticleBrand Nostalgia
Four, seven-point Likert-type items measure the degree to which a particular brand reminds a person of his/her youth.
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